One of the leading causes of children under three visiting the emergency room each year is an injury at home. With this in mind, it makes sense for households with small children to make their residence as safe as possible, especially for families with little ones and those expecting.
Below we explore the need to childproof a home, where the most significant hazards within a house lie, plus provide a cheat sheet, resources, and answers to frequently asked questions.
5 Reasons to Childproof for Babies & Toddlers
You're a responsible parent and proactive in caring for your children. Simply reading this article proves that you're committed to creating a safe environment for your family.
Here are some compelling statistics that highlight the need to make a home as safe as it can be:
"Suffocation is the #1 cause of accidental death in children under four. "
- Deborah Hersman, former National Safety Council President and CEO
Preventable injuries most often kill children in the United States. As per the CDC, there are approximately 7,000 children (under 19) deaths in 2019, which equates to around 20 deaths per day.
Children are naturally curious and imaginative. They see a jungle gym where you see a coffee table. They see a fort where you see sofa cushions. They may find themselves in hazardous circumstances as a result of their curiosity.
Below is a comprehensive list of the actions you can take to safeguard children in your home.
For more information, tips, and advice on the items listed below, please visit KidsHealth's 'Childproofing and Preventing Household Accidents' article.
#1 How to Prevent Falling, Climbing & Grabbing
At about the age of two, children can move about, fall over, and get into trouble in one way or another.
Additionally, toddlers will attempt climbing but lack the skills to avoid specific hazards. They'll use drawers and bureaus as jungle gyms, pull themselves up using table legs, and grab whatever they can find.
Here's what to look out for:
Walkers
Don't give a baby or young child a walker. Every year, U.S. hospital emergency rooms treat thousands of injuries to children under 15 months that walkers cause. Babies in walkers can bump into things, roll into stoves and pools, make contact with heaters or roll downstairs. Try a stationary activity saucer instead of a mobile walking unit.
Windows
Avoid relying only on window screens to protect your children from slipping out of the house. Make sure your toddler doesn't fall through open windows by opening the windows from the top. Window guards should be childproof but straightforward for adults to open in the event of a fire.
Prevent youngsters from climbing onto window sills by moving items away from windows.
Stairs
A small child should never be left alone near any stairway, even one with a gate. A baby may get a foothold on the gate and plummet down at the very top of the stairs. To keep your infant from reaching the top of the stairs, install a safety gate at your child's room entrance.
Toys, shoes, and other debris should not be allowed to accumulate on stairwells.
If your child can fit through the stairway rails in your home, they should be protected.
To provide a safer environment, don't buy pressure-mounted gates as they aren't as reliable as hardware-mounted ones. Avoid accordion gates, too, as small kids are known to get trapped in them.
General
Walk through the rooms your toddler has access to, and assess every heavy piece of furniture. Everything heavy that can tip over should be securely anchored to the wall. This includes bookshelves, entertainment centers, freestanding coat racks, end tables, ovens, refrigerators and dishwashers.
Sleeping
Never allow your infant to sleep in the car seat when not in a vehicle.
When laying down to sleep, place your newborn on their back on a firm mattress. Never set a baby on a blanket, fluffy rug, soft bed, or plastic-covered mattress. Never place a baby on a sofa, adult bed, or other soft surfaces to sleep.
Do not place any cushions, blankets, stuffed animals, or soft objects in your child's crib and don't use crib bumpers.
Ensure your child's crib mattress is the correct size and fits the sleeping area snugly. A baby can't become pinned between the bed and the side of the crib if there's a gap.
Ensure your baby's crib sheet is securely fastened to the mattress to prevent it from slipping off and potentially entangling your child's head. To keep sheets in place, crib sheet holders are available.
Sharing a bed with adults or children is not recommended for infants. Smothering is more likely to occur when two people share a bed.
Household
Tie knots in plastic dry-cleaning and shopping bags before throwing them away.
Keep all store-bought garbage bags and Ziploc bags out of reach.
Deflated balloons should be kept out of children's reach. Clean up and dispose of the bits of rubber from popped balloons as quickly as possible.
General Advice
Make sure you have smoke alarms in every room and on every floor of your house to ensure the entire house is alerted to a fire. The batteries should be replaced frequently, usually twice a year. You should test them at least once a month. Smoke alarms that are more than a decade old should be replaced.
In case of a fire, plan two routes out of the home. Be sure to remind your family not to grab anything and decide on a family meeting spot outside. Practice your family's fire escape strategy and quiz children on what to do.
If a fire breaks out in your multistory house, having an extra ladder upstairs is a good idea if the stairs are blocked and it's needed to get out safely.
Keep a fire extinguisher in the kitchen and ensure anyone old enough to cook knows how to use it properly.
Keep candles, lighters, matches, and other combustibles out of children's reach (hidden away).
Living Room
Keep children several feet away from fireplaces and wood-burning stoves. Additionally, radiators and electric baseboard heaters must be guarded against children's reach.
Teach your children never to throw anything into a burning fireplace and to stay clear of the spark screen. There are larger child gates on the market that are designed to keep kids away from fireplaces.
Ensure that all of your chimneys are frequently cleaned to prevent a chimney fire.
Bedrooms
Check that your child's sleepwear is labeled as flame retardant before purchasing it (either polyester or treated cotton). Ensure sleepwear isn't too loose.
Check that any lamps or nightlights you use don't come in contact with any bedding, clothes or drapes.
At a minimum, keep a distance of three feet between electric space heaters and any potentially explosive materials.
If you're using a room vaporizer, go with a cool mist humidifier instead of a hot-steam unit to eliminate one more heat source.
Bathrooms
Water at 140 degrees Fahrenheit will scald skin very quickly. Lower the setting on your hot water heater to 120 degrees or lower. Remember that an anti-scald device can be fitted if you don't have control over the water temperature (some rentals, for example).
Never place your toddler directly into the bath before testing the temperature of the water with your elbow or the inside of your wrist.
As a safety precaution, keep children away from the tub's faucets and fittings, so they won't accidentally turn on the hot water.
Make sure the bathroom's circuit breakers are grounded and that GFCI outlets are installed.
Make sure older kids in the house use hair dryers and curling irons with extreme caution around water. After each usage, unplug electrical devices in the bathroom and, when cooled down, store them in an area that is out of the reach of smaller kids.
Kitchen & Dining Room
Kids should not be permitted to play in the kitchen at all, but especially anywhere near the oven or stove top.
Baby walkers and movable activity center toys should be kept out of the kitchen at all times.
Make sure you know where your toddler is if you have to walk with hot liquids in the kitchen, such as a pot of boiling water you intend to strain.
Every time you cook, get used to turning the pot handles toward the rear of the stove to prevent a small child from reaching for them. This is a useful tip for meddlesome puppies too.
Installing a stove lock and locking burner knobs is an extra layer of protection. Anchoring an oven/stove unit to the wall will prevent tipping forward.
Microwaves are not safe for warming infant bottles, as breast milk or formula will burn a baby's mouth if it heats unevenly and forms pockets of hot liquid.
Tablecloths and place mats should be avoided to prevent a hot drink or dish being knocked over if a toddler pulls on them.
When not in use, make sure all kitchen equipment is unplugged and all wires are out of the way.
When storing cleaning supplies, install locks on the cabinets to prevent your child getting into them. Many household chemicals have the potential to cause burns. Cleaning supplies should never be stored in containers they were not originally purchased in.
Electrical Equipment & Appliances
All electrical outlets should have child-safety coverings.
Discard appliances and equipment with frayed or worn-out cables and damaged extension cords.
Use a twist knot or zip ties to secure surplus wiring from lamps or other electrical appliances to avoid choking hazards and pets chewing through wires. There are spools you can buy that are specifically intended to conceal extra cordage.
Small hands can access the backs of TVs and other electrical appliances if they're positioned within arm's reach. TVs should be mounted on the wall, if possible, and other appliances should be inspected for tiny-hand access areas.
Check for indicators of wear and tear on electrical gadgets on a regular basis. Any item that sparks, feels hot, or smells strange should be thrown away or repaired immediately.
Regularly inspect electronic toys for deterioration and replace the batteries immediately if leakage is found.
Every time you use your clothes dryer, remove the lint that has built up in the vent.
Don't run cables beneath carpet or rugs.
Electrical outlets and surge protectors should never be overloaded.
Outdoors & Vehicles
Playground equipment should be used with caution, as equipment on a warm summer's afternoon can get extremely hot.
When not in use, keep your child's car seat or stroller out of the direct sunlight to prevent burns from hot vinyl or metal.
When heading outdoors, always put sunscreen on small children. SPF 15 is the minimum, while anything over 50 offers the best protection. Make sure to reapply sunscreen every two hours or more, especially if you're in and out of water.
Keep infants less than six months out of direct sunlight entirely.
Foods
Keep in mind the windpipe can be obstructed by hard and smooth foods. Children under the age of four should not be given nuts, sunflower seeds, watermelon, pitted cherries, carrots, peas, celery, popcorn, hard candy, apples or pears.
You should either chop up or avoid these soft foods, including cheese cubes, hot dogs, grapes, and caramel.
Eating
Encourage children to eat in a seated position and to chew their food thoroughly before swallowing.
Teach your kids from a young age not to laugh or talk with food in their mouths.
During parties and holiday events, keep an eye out for bowls of nuts or candy that are easy for children to grasp or that have dropped on the floor.
Keep gum, sweets, and lollipops away from kids, especially if they're running around.
Adults should educate older children, who may not be aware of the dangers of feeding certain foods to younger siblings.
Toys & Small Objects
While domestic toy manufacturers are held to high standards in regard to choking hazards, many toys given to children are manufactured in China, where regulations are not as strict. Keep an eye out for these items:
#5 How to Prevent Strangulation & Entrapment
Clothing
Infants should never wear necklaces or headbands.
Avoid dressing your young child in clothes with drawstrings, which can get caught when they're playing or sleeping. Check for and remove any strings in your child's hoodies, jackets, shirts, mittens, shoes and pants.
Remove your baby's bib before he or she goes down for a nap.
Pacifiers should not be tied around your baby's neck or fastened to their clothes with a long piece of thread or ribbon.
Bedroom
You should keep your baby's reach away from overhead mobiles and remove any strings from other toys.
Hanging diaper bags or handbags on cribs might be dangerous.
Keep the child's bed or crib away from any window treatments like blinds or drapes.
Avoid toy chests that have hinged lids.
Cutouts in the headboard or footboard of the crib should not be used.
Avoid putting newborns to sleep on sofas or adult beds due to risk of being entrapped.
Bumper pads in cribs are known to be able to pin children against the crib's siding.
It's important to make sure the crib's slats are no more than 2.5 inches apart, as a child's head may be caught in anything that's much wider.
Household
Electrical wires, phone chargers, and other cables should not be hanging or accessible in any way.
Check to make sure your baby gates aren't able to close on your child's head.
Cut off the ends of any window blind or curtain cords and apply safety tassels to keep them from dangling.
General
Keep an eye on your child at all times when in a stroller. Babies' heads might become awkwardly positioned or caught if they slip down too far.
#6 How to Prevent Poisoning
According to Poison Control, 99.2% of poison exposures are unintentional in kids under six and that there are 38 exposures for every 1,000 children (under six). These are startling figures, so make sure your home addresses the following.
Medication
Prescription and over-the-counter medications should be kept in a cabinet with a safety latch. Locking the cabinet is critical to prevent children from getting access to highly dangerous medication if, for example, they climb up on a countertop or chair.
All purses and bags, where medication is sometimes kept, should be out of the reach of children at all times.
Do not store medications in anything other than the original, child-resistant containers they came in. Keep in mind that your youngster may be able to get drugs out of a medical bottle or container. Packaging that is child-resistant does not imply that it is childproof.
Never prepare or administer medication to your child in the dark. It's possible that you're giving them the incorrect dose or even the incorrect medication.
Household Chemicals
It's best to use upper cabinets to store hazardous liquids and aerosols. Make sure all cabinets, housing cleaning or other chemicals, have safety locks.
As mentioned previously, all chemical cleansers should be stored in their original containers.
If you have children in the home and are cleaning or using household chemicals, keep a close eye on spray bottles, cloths and buckets.
Keep roach powder and rat poison out of the kitchen and bathrooms. Furniture and mattresses should not be sprayed with insecticides.
Supplies for the washing machine and dishwasher should be hidden away in a lockable cupboard. In comparison to other detergents, laundry and dishwasher pods provide a greater risk. Instead of using pods, consider using a liquid or powder detergent if you have children under six.
Securely store automotive fluids and gardening pesticides, such as antifreeze, windshield washer fluid and weedkiller, out of sight and out of harm's way in a garage or storage shed. Make sure you follow the directions on the packaging on how to keep the product stored.
Alcohol
Keep alcoholic beverages out of the reach of children and keep a close eye on visitors' beverages during gatherings. After the celebration, make sure there aren't any leftover beverages sitting around.
Store alcohol spirits out of the reach of children in a locked cabinet.
The following household items contain alcohol and should be kept out of the reach of children: hand soap, perfume and cologne, culinary ingredients (vanilla and almond extract), as well as mouthwash.
Household
Keep an eye out for toys that have been recalled due to the presence of lead paint. The CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) maintains a list of product recalls that you can sign up for to get email alerts.
Keep youngsters away from cosmetics and other personal care products. Nail polish and nail polish remover should be used with extreme caution, since they can easily irritate children's skin and eyes.
Identify potentially dangerous plants in and around your property and regularly remind younger kids not to consume any plants they discover in your home or backyard, especially wild mushrooms, weeds, leaves, flowers, twigs and shrubs.
#7 How to Prevent Drowning
If you have a baby or a toddler, water safety is of the utmost importance. Drowning can occur in less than one inch of water in a matter of seconds. Because of this, baths, pools, hot tubs and even cleaning buckets pose a serious danger.
Bathroom
Take extra caution when bathing a newborn. Don't depend on an older sibling to monitor the infant when you have to answer the phone or go to the front door.
Never leave a bathtub, bucket, or any other liquid-filled container unattended.
A bathtub seat or support ring should never be used without the continual supervision of an adult. There is a risk of a seat flipping over or a child falling into the water while sitting in it.
Keep the bathroom doors closed at all times and buy toilet lid locks for every unit in the house.
Swimming Pool
If you have a pool, be sure to secure it with a self-closing and self-latching gate, as well as an opening mechanism that is out of a child's reach.
Know that adding a pool alarm or cover isn't a replacement for fence and adult supervision, but it can add an extra layer of defense.
Once your kids are done swimming, remove toys that may be left in the pool to prevent toddlers from being attracted to them.
For many people, inflatable flotation devices provide a sense of security when their children are swimming, but they can just as easily trap a small child upside down in the water. Floaties should never be used as a replacement for adult supervision.
If you bought a child's plastic wading pool, dump the water out after every use.
When not in use, remove the ladder from an above-ground pool.
Learn CPR and know the protocol, inside and out, for when someone is drowning or has appeared to have drowned and is no longer breathing.
Kitchen
Knives, forks, scissors, and any other cutting instruments should be stored in a drawer equipped with a safety lock.
Put items made of glass high up in cabinets that are out of reach of smaller children.
Keep bladed kitchen equipment, such as blenders and food processors, securely stored away when not in use.
When loading and unloading the dishwasher, make sure that infants and young children are kept a safe distance away. This will prevent them from reaching into the dishwasher and grabbing sharp utensils or glassware that might shatter. Do not place knives, forks, and other sharp utensils facing upward when loading the dishwasher. When not in use, a dishwasher lock should be used.
Keep the trash can in the kitchen hidden behind a cabinet door that has a childproof lock and also keep the recyclable bin, that may contain glass and metals, out of reach.
Bathroom
Check to see that the mirrors are properly fastened to the wall.
If you shave with a razor, store it in a cabinet in the bathroom that has a lock on it and, likewise, store replacement blades in a secure spot.
Nail scissors and any other personal or grooming items that are sharp should be kept out of reach.
Garage
Keep all of your tools for gardening, automotive and household repairs, and yard work out of reach or secure them in a storage area that has a lock.
Check the swing set and any outdoor play equipment for corrosion, splinters and sharp edges and make sure any are removed.
Storing Firearms
If you own a firearm and keep it in your house, always store it in a cabinet, safe, gun vault or storage container that can't be accessed by kids. Keys and combinations should be kept hidden.
Avoid storing bullets and firearms together.
Trigger locks and other gun locking devices will render the weapon non-fireable, which could prevent a tragic accident.
Cheat Sheet: 30 Common Childproofing Mistakes to Avoid
Emergency Preparation Checklist for Parents
Although you can make your home safer, the most crucial precaution is to always keep an eye on small children. Even if your house is childproofed, infants and toddlers may fall, rush toward a hot stove or put a dangerous object in their mouths in a matter of seconds.
Your vigilance and preparation are the greatest protection for your youngster; thus, being ready is essential.
If you have children or are expecting a child, you should: